National Epidemiology Assignment PUBH103

National Epidemiology Assignment PUBH103

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The number of people with a disease within the community increases when

1. 1. Incidence rate < death rate + cure rate
   2. Incidence rate < prevalence rate < death rate + cure rate
   3. Prevalence rate = death rate + cure rate
   4. Incidence rate > death rate + cure rate

• A cohort study was conducted, and a strong and statistically significant association between smoking and being involved in a car accident was identified. Because people who smoke often drink alcohol, it is possible that this relationship could be confounded by alcohol. Which of the following strategies is the best method to deal with the confounding seen in this study?
  1. Randomisation
  2. Stratification
  3. Intention to treat
  4. Increase follow-up rates

• When a study sample adequately resembles the larger population from which it was drawn, the study is said to have:
  1. Concurrent validity
  2. Predictive validity
  3. External validity
  4. Internal validity
• A rural community in Queensland was estimated to have a population of 73,000 during a census conducted on January 1^st 2016. Of these, 3600 people were known to have been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes before this day. During 2016, the entire community was followed and 230 new cases of type 2 diabetes were diagnosed.

  National Epidemiology Assignment PUBH103

  • What was the estimated prevalence of type II diabetes in this community on January 1^st 2016?
  1. 230/73,000
  2. 230/69,400
  3. 3600/73,000
  4. 3600/69,400
  5. 3830/73,000

   

  • What was the cumulative incidence of type II diabetes in this community during 2016?
  1. 230/73,000 over a year
  2. 230/69,400 over a year
  3. 3600/73,000 over a year
  4. 3600/69,400 over a year
  5. 3830/73,000 over a year

  

  • In a comparison of two regional areas (A and B), if we observe a standardised mortality rate (SMR) of less than 1.0 for region A, then the most likely interpretation is:
    1. There is no difference in mortality rates between the two regions
    2. The mortality rate in region A is higher than in region B
    3. The mortality rate in region A is lower than in region B
  • In a randomised controlled trial (RCT) investigating the effects of behavioural modifications and an exercise program on falls prevention, after 24 months of follow-up, the incidence in those exposed to the intervention was 0.49. The incidence in those not exposed was 0.68. Calculate the Number Needed to Treat (NNT).

  Which of the following is the best answer and interpretation of this NNT?

  1. 19 people need to be treated with the intervention
  2. 5 people need to be treated with the intervention for 2 years to prevent 1 fall
  3. 5 people need to be treated with the intervention for 1 year to prevent 2 falls
  4. 6 people need to be treated with the intervention to prevent 1 fall
  5. 6 people need to be treated with the intervention for 2 years to prevent 1 fall

• • Which of the following is NOT a feature of a systematic review?
  1. Forest plot
  2. Literature search
  3. Recruiting participants
  4. Reviewing abstracts
• What does ‘intention to treat’ principle mean?
  1. The study is a randomised controlled trial
  2. Participants in the study are analysed as per their exposure status, regardless of which exposure group they were allocated to
  3. Participants in the study are analysed as per their allocated exposure
  4. We follow-up 100% of the participants who were measured at baseline
  5. We intend to treat all participants in the study
• National Epidemiology Assignment PUBH103 APA FORMAT